sifting/io
Market data

What is tick data?

Tick data is market data at its finest granularity. Rather than summarizing activity into interval bars, it records every individual update as it occurs: each quote change and each trade, with its price, size, and timestamp. It is the most detailed representation of a market and also the largest in volume. The sections below define a tick, compare tick data with OHLCV bars, distinguish quote ticks from trade ticks, and describe when tick-level detail is required.

6 min readMarket data
Tick data is the stream of individual market updates, each one a single quote or trade carrying a price, a size, and a timestamp, recorded as it happens with no aggregation.

Key points

  • A tick is a single market update: one quote or one trade at a specific moment.
  • Tick data is the most granular market data, with no aggregation or averaging.
  • It consists of two types: quote ticks and trade ticks.
  • It is detailed but large in volume, so it costs more to stream and store than bars.

What a tick is

A tick is the smallest unit of market data: a single update marked with the exact time it occurred. Each tick carries a price and a size and indicates either that a quote changed or that a trade took place. In sequence, ticks form a complete, moment-by-moment record of how a market moved, with no detail removed.

Tick data versus OHLCV bars

Ticks and bars sit at opposite ends of the detail spectrum. An OHLCV bar condenses an entire interval into five values, which is compact and easy to chart but omits the sequence of events. Tick data retains every update, preserving the exact order in which events occurred. Many systems store ticks as the source record and aggregate them into bars on demand, since bars can always be built from ticks but not the reverse.

Quote ticks and trade ticks

Tick data generally divides into two streams. Quote ticks record changes to the bid and ask, capturing shifting intentions to trade. Trade ticks record executed transactions, capturing completed activity. Both are ticks, but they answer different questions, and many feeds allow subscription to one, the other, or both.

When tick-level detail is required

Tick data is most valuable where the order and timing of events matter: reconstructing how a movement unfolded, measuring fine-grained timing, or backtesting strategies that respond to individual updates. The cost is volume, as an actively traded symbol can produce thousands of ticks per second, which increases bandwidth and storage requirements. Where analysis can be performed on bars, the full tick stream is generally unnecessary.

On SiftingIO

Ticks on SiftingIO

SiftingIO streams a canonical price tick over WebSocket under one schema for every market, so the live edge of the data arrives update by update rather than as periodic snapshots. OHLCV bars and derived metrics can be computed from this stream with full control over the method, while historical bars are available over REST where tick-level detail is not required.

FAQ

Common questions

What is a tick in market data?

A tick is a single market update, either one quote change or one trade, carrying a price, a size, and a timestamp. Tick data is the stream of these updates.

What is the difference between tick data and OHLCV?

Tick data records every individual update, while an OHLCV bar summarizes an entire interval into five values. Bars can be built from ticks, but ticks cannot be recovered from bars.

What are quote ticks and trade ticks?

Quote ticks record changes to the bid and ask, and trade ticks record executed transactions. Both are ticks, but one captures intentions and the other captures completed trades.

Why is tick data so large?

Because it retains every update with no aggregation. An actively traded symbol can produce thousands of ticks per second, which accumulates quickly in bandwidth and storage.

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